A novel minicollagen gene links cnidarians and myxozoans

Myxozoans are enigmatic endoparasitic organisms sharing morphological features with bilateria, protists and cnidarians. This, coupled with their highly divergent gene sequences, has greatly obscured their phylogenetic affinities. Here we report the sequencing and characterization of a minicollagen homologue (designated Tb-Ncol-1) in the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. Minicollagens are phylum-specific genes encoding cnidarian nematocyst proteins. Sequence analysis revealed a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) architecture and genomic organization similar to group 1 minicollagens. Homology modelling predicted similar three-dimensional structures to Hydra CRDs despite deviations from the canonical pattern of group 1 minicollagens. The discovery of this minicollagen gene strongly supports myxozoans as cnidarians that have radiated as endoparasites of freshwater, marine and terrestrial hosts. It also reveals novel protein sequence variation of relevance to understanding the evolution of nematocyst complexity, and indicates a molecular/morphological link between myxozoan polar capsules and cnidarian nematocysts. Our study is the first to illustrate the power of using genes related to a taxon-specific novelty for phylogenetic inference within the Metazoa, and it exemplifies how the evolutionary relationships of other metazoans characterized by extreme sequence divergence could be similarly resolved.     

Improvement of the stability of glucose oxidase via encapsulation in sodium alginate–cellulose sulfate–poly(methylene-co-guanidine) capsules

Encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOD) in polyelectrolyte complex capsules and its influence on properties of the enzyme is reported. The immobilization of GOD in the capsules made of sodium alginate (SA), cellulose sulfate (CS), poly(methylene-co-guanidine) (PMCG), CaCl₂ and NaCl (GOD–SA–CS/PMCG capsules) was achieved using a one-step highly reproducible encapsulation protocol which was monitored by a Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). A leakage of the enzyme from the capsules was negligible. Encapsulated GOD exhibited higher thermostability, wider range of pH optimum and improved storage stability in comparison with free GOD. The 92% retained activity by the encapsulated GOD after 45 biooxidation cycles was markedly higher than that of the GOD entrapped in calcium pectate gel beads showing no activity after 12 cycles. Optimization of conditions of oxygen supplementation resulted in increased oxygen availability within the GOD–SA–CS/PMCG capsules. Oxygen supplementation was accompanied with a mild decrease in the mechanical resistance of the SA–CS/PMCG capsules.     

酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊联合利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者的疗效及对肠道菌群的影响

目的探究酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊联合利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者的治疗效果及其对肠道菌群的影响,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选取2017年11月至2019年3月于我院接受治疗的120例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机分为利拉鲁肽组和联合治疗组,各60例。利拉鲁肽组患者使用利拉鲁肽进行治疗,联合治疗组患者使用酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊联合利拉鲁肽进行治疗。采用血糖检测仪对两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后两小时血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平进行检测。采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血清趋化素(Chemerin)水平。采用免疫透射比浊法检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,使用光冈法对两组患者肠道菌群进行检测,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果治疗半年后联合治疗组患者FBG、2hPG、HbA1c水平均低于利拉鲁肽组(均P0.05)。治疗后利拉鲁肽组患者TC、TG、Chemerin水平均低于联合治疗组(均P0.05)。治疗后联合治疗组患者血清GSH-Px、SOD水平高于利拉鲁肽组,MDA水平低于利拉鲁肽组(均P0.05)。治疗后联合治疗组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于利拉鲁肽组,肠球菌、肠杆菌数量低于利拉鲁肽组(均P0.05)。联合治疗组患者治疗总有效率显著高于利拉鲁肽组(95.00%vs 83.33%,χ~2=4.227,P=0.040)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊联合利拉鲁肽能够改善2型糖尿病患者糖代谢指标水平以及血脂水平,提升患者抗氧化能力,调节患者肠道菌群,治疗效果显著。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊对宫颈癌TP化疗患者炎症及阴道菌群的影响

目的探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊对中晚期宫颈癌TP化疗患者血清IL-2、IL-10、TGF-β1水平及阴道菌群的影响。方法选取2018年10月-2019年8月于本院接受TP化疗的83例中晚期宫颈癌患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为两组,观察组43例,对照组40例。两组均接受TP化疗,观察组在对照组基础上接受乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后血清IL-2、IL-10、TGF-β1水平,阴道菌群分布情况,致病微生物阳性检出率和化疗相关不良反应发生情况。结果两组临床疗效等级分布差异显著(P0.05),观察组临床疗效高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清IL-2水平均升高(均P0.05)且观察组更高,两组治疗后血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平均降低(均P0.05)且观察组更低。治疗后观察组Chao1指数、Shannon指数均升高(均P0.05),对照组均降低(均P0.05),观察组Chao1指数、Shannon指数均高于对照组(P0.05);观察组乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、棒状杆菌属水平相对丰度上升而对照组下降(均P0.05);观察组白假丝酵母菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌、加德纳菌、拟杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、肠球菌属水平相对丰度下降而对照组上升(均P0.05);两组致病微生物阳性率均下降(均P0.05),观察组低于对照组(P0.05);两组骨髓抑制、消化道反应、脱发、周围神经毒性发生率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论乳酸菌阴道胶囊可提高中晚期宫颈癌TP化疗患者临床疗效,调节患者免疫应答水平,有效改善患者阴道菌群平衡,降低患者阴道致病微生物阳性率,安全性高。     

正清风痛宁片联合塞来昔布对类风湿关节炎患者疾病活动指标、炎症因子及红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨正清风痛宁片联合塞来昔布对类风湿关节炎(RA)患者疾病活动指标、炎症因子及红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2016年8月～2019年10月我院接收的117例RA患者。根据随机数字表法分为研究组(n=59)、对照组(n=58)。对照组予以塞来昔布治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上联合正清风痛宁片治疗,两组均治疗1个月。统计两组治疗1个月后的临床疗效。比较两组治疗前、治疗1个月后的疾病活动指标[类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)],红细胞免疫功能指标CR1、CD59以及炎症因子指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)以及白介素-6(IL-6)],记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗1个月后的总有效率为89.83%(53/59),高于对照组的72.41%(42/58)(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异(P0.05)。两组治疗1个月后RF、CRP、ESR、TNF-α、IL-1β以及IL-6水平均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗1个月后CR1、CD59均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:正清风痛宁片联合塞来昔布治疗RA患者,疗效显著,可有效降低患者疾病活动指标、炎症因子水平,提高红细胞免疫功能,且不增加不良反应发生率。     

分析塞来昔布与不同剂量艾瑞昔布治疗axSpA的效果及对骨代谢的影响

目的:探究塞来昔布和2种剂量艾瑞昔布治疗中轴脊柱关节炎(axSpA)的效果及对患者骨代谢的影响。方法:选取我院96例axSpA患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组各32例。A组给予0.2 g/d艾瑞昔布治疗,B组给予0.4 g/d艾瑞昔布治疗C组给予0.4 g/d塞来昔布治疗。比较3组治疗前及治疗12周后疾病活动性[C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(BASDAI)]、躯体活动度(踝间距、腰椎侧弯度)、功能状态[Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)、加拿大脊柱骨关节研究协会评分系统(SPARCC)]、骨代谢[血清骨形成发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、Dickkopf相关蛋白1(DKK-1)]差异,并记录3组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗12周后,3组疾病活动性(CRP、ESR、BASDAI)、功能状态(BASFI、SPARCC)、骨代谢(BMP-2、VEGF、DKK-1)均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),躯体活动度(踝间距及左右侧腰椎侧弯度)则较治疗前升高(P<0.05);但B组及C组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而A组上述指标变化幅度低于B组及C组(P<0.05)。3组治疗期间不良反应发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:较高剂量(0.4 g/d)艾瑞昔布疗效明显优于较低剂量(0.2 g/d),不良反应也未增加,且0.4 g/d艾瑞昔布及同剂量塞来昔布治疗axSpA具有相似的疗效及安全性,适用于临床治疗。     

塞来西布及5- 氟尿嘧啶对人胆管癌QBC939 细胞生长抑制 及诱导凋亡的影响

目的:研究塞来西布(Celecoxib)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)对人胆管癌QBC939细胞生长抑制和凋亡的影响。方法:体外培养人胆管癌QBC939细胞,噻唑兰比色实验(MTT)观察Celecoxib和5-FU对胆管癌QBC939细胞生长抑制作用;流式细胞术检测细胞生长周期和凋亡率改变。结果:不同浓度的Celecoxib和5-FU可抑制胆管癌QBC939细胞的生长,细胞生长抑制率呈时间-浓度依赖性(P<0.01);实验组QBC939细胞凋亡率随药物浓度的升高逐渐增高(P<0.01),S期细胞逐渐减少(P<0.05),G1期细胞逐渐增加(P<0.05),G2期细胞无明显变化。结论:Celecoxib和5-FU可抑制人胆管癌QBC939细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡;联合用药效果优于Celecoxib和5-FU单药效果。     

TRANSPARENT EXOPOLYMER PARTICLES FORMATION FROM CAPSULES OF ANABAENA SPIROIDES (CYANOBACTERIA) IN CULTURE1

We report the production of large numbers of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) from polysaccharidic capsules of Anabaena spiroides Kleb. in cultures. Two biotic pathways of TEP formation were observed: (1) fragmentation of small portions of the capsules, which occurred throughout the growth phases; and (2) transformation of the whole polysaccharidic capsules into TEP, following cellular lyses in the aging culture. Photographic documentation of these processes was performed after staining small aliquots of the samples with Alcian Blue and negative staining with India ink. Concentrations of TEP were determined in distinct culture growth phases using semiquantitative Alcian Blue staining. Concentrations of TEP increased throughout the experimental time, while Alcian Blue remaining in solution decreased. Decreasing concentrations of chl a indicated cellular death, and by the end of the experiment, TEP formed by both pathways accumulate in the culture medium. These results show that virtually all dead chains of A. spiroides are transformed into TEP in the aged culture.     

塞来昔布联合survivin反义寡核苷酸对胰腺癌荷瘤裸鼠的治疗作用

目的:探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂塞来昔布和survivin反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)联合作用对胰腺癌荷瘤裸鼠的治疗作用。方法:构建胰腺癌荷瘤裸鼠模型,将成瘤裸鼠随机分为4组:对照组、塞来昔布组(给予1000ppm的塞来昔布饮水)、survivin ASODN组(瘤内注射40μg/200μL的survivin ASODN)、联合组(给予1000ppm的塞来昔布饮水的同时瘤内注射40μg/200μL的survivin ASODN);观测裸鼠肿瘤生长情况并测量不同时间的体积变化,于接种肿瘤的35天处死裸鼠,测瘤体质量,应用cas- pase-3试剂盒检测caspase-3活性,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤增殖指数(PI)和微血管密度(MVD)。结果:治疗组平均体积均明显低于对照组(491.97±4.62mm~3,427.34±14.62mm~3,300.39±6.59mm~3 vs 703.56±12.51 mm~3,P<0.01),其中联合治疗组体积明显低于塞来昔布组或survivin ASODN组(P<0.01);平均抑瘤率分别为32.26%、50.86%、62.07%。治疗组caspase-3相对活性明显高于对照组(0.026±0.003、0.040±0.018、0.059±0.005 vs 0.006±0.001,P<0.01),其中联合治疗组caspase-3相对活性明显高于塞来昔布组(P<0.01)或survivin ASODN组(P<0.05);治疗组平均PI和MVD均明显低于对照组(P<0.01,或P<0.05),其中联合治疗组平均PI和MVD明显低于塞来昔布组或survivin ASODN组(P<0.01,或P<0.05)。结论:COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布和survivin ASODN联合应用可显著抑制荷胰腺癌裸鼠的肿瘤生长,其作用机制可能是通过共同提高caspase-3活性来诱导细胞凋亡,通过抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和新生血管的形成来发挥抗肿瘤效应,为胰腺癌的治疗提供了新的思路。